“ADS-equipped vehicle” means a motor vehicle equipped with an automated driving system.

“Alcohol concentration” means the number of grams of alcohol per one hundred (100) milliliters of blood or per two hundred ten (210) liters of breath.

“Alcoholic beverage” means any alcoholic liquor, as defined by K.S.A. 41-102 and amendments thereto, or any cereal malt beverage, as defined by K.S.A. 41-2701 and amendments thereto.

“Alcoholic liquor” means alcohol, spirits, wine, beer, and every liquid or solid, patented or not, containing alcohol, spirits, wine, or beer and capable of being consumed as a beverage by a human being, but shall not include any beer or cereal malt beverage containing not more than three and one-fifths percent (3.2%) alcohol by weight.

“All-terrain vehicle” means any motorized nonhighway vehicle, other than an electric-assisted bicycle, that is fifty-five inches (55") or less in width measured from the outside of one (1) tire rim to the outside of the other tire rim, having a dry weight of one thousand five hundred (1,500) pounds or less, traveling on three (3) or more nonhighway tires.

“Alley” means a street or highway intended to provide access to the rear or side of lots or buildings in urban districts and not intended for the purpose of through vehicular traffic.

“Arterial street” means any U.S. or State numbered route, controlled-access highway or other major radial or circumferential street or highway designated by local authorities within their respective jurisdictions as part of a major arterial system of streets or highways.

“Authorized emergency vehicle” means such Fire Department vehicles, police bicycles or police vehicles which are publicly owned; motor vehicles operated by ambulance services permitted by the Emergency Medical Services Board under the provisions of K.S.A. 65-6101 et seq., and amendments thereto; wreckers, tow trucks or car carriers, as defined by K.S.A. 66-1329, and amendments thereto, having a certificate of public service from the State Corporation Commission, and when operating under the direction of a duly authorized law enforcement officer; and such other publicly or privately owned vehicles which are designated as emergency vehicles pursuant to K.S.A. 8-2010 and amendments thereto.

“Authorized telecommunications vehicle” means a motor vehicle operated by a provider or a wireless infrastructure provider or a wireless services provider, when such vehicle is utilized for repairs and is making use of visual signals meeting the requirements of Section 10.01.172.

“Authorized utility vehicle” means a motor vehicle operated by an authorized person for an electric or natural gas public utility or a City-owned utility, when such motor vehicle is utilized for repairs that are needed on electric utility or natural gas equipment to restore necessary services or ensure public safety and is making use of visual signals meeting the requirements of Section 10.01.172.

“Autocycle” means a three (3) wheel motorcycle that has a steering wheel and seating that does not require the operator to straddle or sit astride it.

“Automated driving system” means the hardware and software collectively capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task on a sustained basis, regardless of whether the system is limited to a specific operational design domain, if any.

“Bicycle” means every device propelled by human power upon which any person may ride, having two (2) tandem wheels, either of which is more than fourteen inches (14") in diameter.

“Bus” means every motor vehicle designed for carrying more than ten (10) passengers and used for the transportation of persons; and every motor vehicle, other than a taxicab, designed and used for the transportation of persons for compensation.

“Business district” means the territory contiguous to and including a highway when within any six hundred feet (600') along such highway there are buildings in use for business or industrial purposes, including but not limited to hotels, banks or office buildings, railroad stations and public buildings which occupy at least three hundred feet (300') of frontage on one (1) side or three hundred feet (300') collectively on both sides of the highway.

“Cancellation of a driver’s license” means the annulment or termination by formal action of the Division of a person’s driver’s license because of some error or defect in the license or because the licensee is not entitled to such license, but the cancellation of a license is without prejudice; and application for a new license may be made at any time after such cancellation.

“Cereal malt beverage” means any fermented but undistilled liquor brewed or made from malt or from a mixture of malt and/or malt substitute, but not including any such liquor which is more than three and one-fifths percent (3.2%) alcohol by weight.

“Chief of Police” means the Chief of Police of the City, or any member of the Police Department of the City designated by the Chief of Police to act in his or her place.

“Church bus” means every bus owned by a religious organization, and operated for the transportation of persons to or from services or activities of such religious organization. As used in this section, “religious organization” means any organization, church, body of communicants or group, gathered in common membership for mutual edification in piety, worship and religious observances, or a society of individuals united for religious purposes at a definite place.

“City” or “this City” means the City of Olathe, Kansas.

“City Traffic Engineer” means the Chief Traffic Engineer for the City or any member of the City Traffic Department designated by the Chief Traffic Engineer to act in his or her place.

“Commercial motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle designed or used to transport passengers or property, if:

“Compression release engine braking system” means a hydraulically operated device that converts a power producing diesel engine into a power-absorbing retarding mechanism.

“Controlled-access highway” means every highway, street or roadway in respect to which owners or occupants of abutting lands and other persons have no legal right of access to or from the same except at such points only and in such manner as may be determined by the public authority having jurisdiction over such highway, street or roadway.

“Conventional human driver” means a natural person who manually controls the in-vehicle accelerating, braking, steering and transmission gear selection input devices in order to operate a motor vehicle.

“Crosswalk” means:

“Day care program” means those programs which provide day service for development in self-help, social, recreational and work skills for people with intellectual and other disabilities, giving priority to providing services for young people with severe intellectual and other disabilities.

“Day care program bus” means every bus used primarily to carry out functions of a day care program or used by a child care facility licensed by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment which provides transportation for children six (6) through eighteen (18) years of age.

“Digital network” means any online-enabled application, software, website or system offered or utilized by a transportation network company that enables the prearrangement of rides with transportation network company drivers.

“Director” means the Director of Vehicles.

“Divided highway” means a highway divided into two (2) or more roadways by leaving an intervening space or by a physical barrier or by a clearly indicated dividing section so constructed as to impede vehicular traffic.

“Division” means the Division of Vehicles of the Department of Revenue.

“Drag race” means the operation of two (2) or more vehicles from a point side by side at accelerating speeds in a competitive attempt to out distance each other, or the operation of one (1) or more vehicles over a common selected course, from the same point to the same point, for the purpose of comparing the relative speeds or power of acceleration of such vehicle or vehicles within a certain distance or time limit.

“Drawbar” means a bar across the rear of a motor vehicle, or a device securely attached to the motor vehicle, which maintains a fixed position and to which a tow bar may be coupled.

“Driveaway-towaway operations” means any operation in which any motor vehicle, trailer or semi-trailer, singly or in combination, new or used, constitutes the commodity being transported, when one (1) set or more of wheels of any such vehicle are on the roadway during the course of transportation, whether or not any such vehicle furnishes the motive power.

“Driver” means every person who drives or is in actual physical control of a vehicle.

“Driverless-capable vehicle” means an ADS-equipped vehicle capable of performing the entire dynamic driving task within the automated driving system’s operational design domain, if any, including, but not limited to, achievement of a minimal risk condition without intervention of supervision by a conventional human driver.

“Driver’s license” means any license to operate a motor vehicle issued under the laws of this State, or any other state.

“Dynamic driving task” means all real-time operational and tactical functions required to operate a motor vehicle on a highway in traffic within an automated driving system’s specific operational design domain, if any.

“Dynamic driving task” does not include any strategic function such as trip scheduling or the selection of destinations and waypoints.

“Electric-assisted bicycle” means a bicycle with two (2) or three (3) wheels, a saddle, fully operative pedals for human propulsion, and an electric motor that provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling. The electric-assisted bicycle’s electric motor must have a power output of no more than seven hundred fifty (750) watts, be incapable of propelling the device at a speed of more than twenty (20) miles per hour on level ground, and be incapable of further increasing the speed of the device when human power alone is used to propel the device beyond twenty (20) miles per hour.

“Electric-assisted scooter” means every self-propelled vehicle, other than an electric-assisted bicycle, that has at least two (2) wheels in contact with the ground, an electric motor, handlebars, a brake and a deck that is designed to be stood upon when riding.

“Electric personal assistive mobility device” means a self-balancing two (2) nontandem wheeled device, designed to transport only one (1) person, with an electric propulsion system that limits the maximum speed of the device to fifteen (15) miles per hour or less.

“Electric vehicle” means a vehicle that is powered by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable electric energy storage devices, provided the recharge energy must be drawn from a source off the vehicle, such as, but not limited to:

“Essential parts” means all integral and body parts of a vehicle of a type required to be registered hereunder, the removal, alteration or substitution of which would tend to conceal the identity of the vehicle or substantially alter its appearance, model, type or mode of operation.

“Exhibition of speed or acceleration” means those acts which cause or create unnecessary rapid acceleration, unnecessary tire squeal, skid, smoke, or slide upon acceleration or stopping including the casting of tread, gravel, dirt or other road surface materials from the tires; acts that simulate a temporary race; acts that cause the vehicle to unnecessarily turn abruptly, sway or lose traction with the road surface.

“Explosives” means any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that is commonly used or intended for the purpose of producing an explosion, and which contains any oxidizing and combustive units or other ingredients in such proportions, quantities, or packing that an ignition by fire, by friction, by concussion, by percussion, or by detonator of any part of the compound or mixture may cause such a sudden generation of highly heated gases that the resultant gaseous pressures are capable of producing destructive effects on contiguous objects or of destroying life or limb.

“Farm tractor” means every motor vehicle designed and used as a farm implement power unit operated with or without other attached farm implements, such as drawing plows, mowing machines and other implements of husbandry, in any manner consistent with the structural design of such power unit.

“Flammable liquid” means any liquid which has a flashpoint of seventy (70) degrees Fahrenheit or less, as determined by a Tagliabue or equivalent closed cup test device.

“Funeral escort” means a person or entity that provides escort services for funeral processions, including law enforcement personnel and agencies and groups designated to escort military funeral processions.

“Funeral lead vehicle” means any authorized law enforcement or non-law enforcement vehicle properly equipped pursuant to Section 10.01.163 or a funeral escort vehicle being used to lead and facilitate the movement of a funeral procession. A funeral hearse may serve as a funeral lead vehicle.

“Funeral procession” means two (2) or more vehicles accompanying the body of a deceased person, or traveling to the cemetery, church, chapel, or other location where the funeral service is to be held, in the daylight hours, including a funeral lead vehicle or a funeral escort.

“Golf cart” means a motor vehicle that does not have fewer than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground, an unladen weight of not more than one thousand eight hundred (1,800) pounds, is designed to be and is operated at not more than twenty-five (25) miles per hour and is designed to carry not more than four (4) persons including the driver.

“Governing Body” means the Mayor and Council of this City.

“Gross weight” means the weight of a vehicle without load plus the weight of any load thereon.

“House trailer” means:

“Identifying numbers” means the numbers, and letters, if any, on a vehicle designated by the Division for the purpose of identifying the vehicle.

“Ignition interlock device” means a device which uses a breath analysis mechanism to prevent a person from operating a motor vehicle if such person has consumed an alcoholic beverage.

“Implement of husbandry” means every vehicle designed or adapted and used exclusively for agricultural operations, including feedlots and only incidentally moved or operated upon the highways. “Implement of husbandry” includes, but is not limited to, a farm tractor; a self-propelled farm implement; a fertilizer spreader, nurse tank or truck permanently mounted with a spreader used exclusively for dispensing or spreading water, dust or liquid fertilizers or agricultural chemicals, as defined in K.S.A. 2-2202, and amendments thereto, regardless of ownership; a truck mounted with a fertilizer spreader used or manufactured principally to spread animal dung; a mixer-feed truck owned and used by a feedlot, as defined by K.S.A. 47-1501, and amendments thereto, and specially designed and used exclusively for dispensing feed to livestock in such feedlot.

“Intersection” means:

“Interstate system” means the national system of interstate and defense highways.

“Intoxicating liquor” means any alcoholic liquor, beer, cereal malt beverage, nonalcoholic malt beverage, spirit or wine.

“Laned roadway” means a roadway which is divided into two (2) or more clearly marked lanes for vehicular traffic.

“License” or “license to operate a motor vehicle” means any driver’s license or any other license or permit to operate a motor vehicle issued under, or granted by, the laws of this State, including:

“Light transmission” means the ratio of the amount of total light to pass through a product or material including any safety glazing material to the amount of the total light falling on the product or material and the glazing.

“Litter” is as defined in Section 10.01.105.

“Low-pressure tire” means any pneumatic tire six inches (6") or more in width, designed for use on wheels with rim diameter of twelve inches (12") or less, and utilizing an operating pressure of ten (10) pounds per square inch or less as recommended by the vehicle manufacturer.

“Low-speed vehicle” means any four (4) wheeled electric vehicle whose top speed is greater than twenty (20) miles per hour but not greater than twenty-five (25) miles per hour and is manufactured in compliance with the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration standards for low-speed vehicles in 49 C.F.R. 571.500.

“Luminous reflectants” means the ratio of the amount of total light that is reflected outward by the product or material to the amount of the total light falling on the product or material.

“Mail” means to deposit in the United States mail properly addressed and with postage prepaid.

“Manufacturer” means every person engaged in the business of manufacturing motor vehicles, trailers or semi-trailers.

“Metal tire” means every tire the surface of which, in contact with the highway, is wholly or partly of metal or other hard, nonresilient material.

“Micro utility truck” means any motor vehicle which is not less than forty- eight inches (48") in width, has an overall length, including the bumper, of not more than one hundred sixty inches (160"), has an unladen weight, including fuel and fluids, of more than one thousand five hundred (1,500) pounds, can exceed forty (40) miles per hour as originally manufactured and is manufactured with a metal cab. “Micro utility truck” does not include a work-site utility vehicle or recreational off-highway vehicle.

“Minimal risk condition” means a reasonably safe state to which an automated driving system brings an ADS-equipped vehicle upon experiencing a performance-relevant failure of the system that renders the system unable to perform the entire dynamic driving task, including, but not limited to, removing the vehicle to the nearest shoulder if the vehicle is capable of doing so, bringing the vehicle to a complete stop and activating the vehicle’s emergency signal lamps.

“Motor-driven cycle” means every motorcycle, including every motor scooter, with a motor which produces not to exceed five (5) brake horsepower, and every bicycle with motor attached except a motorized bicycle, a low power cycle or an electric-assisted bicycle.

“Motor home” means every motor vehicle designed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, camping or travel use.

“Motor vehicle” means every vehicle, other than a motorized bicycle, electric-assisted bicycle or a motorized wheelchair, which is self-propelled.

“Motorcycle” means every motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground including, but not limited to, vehicles commonly known as autocycles, pocket bikes, miniature motorcycles, miniature choppers and similar motorized vehicles, but excluding an electric-assisted bicycle or a tractor.

“Motorized bicycle” means every device, other than an electric-assisted bicycle, having two (2) tandem wheels or three (3) wheels, that may be propelled by either human power or helper motor, or by both, and has: (1) a motor that produces not more than three and one-half (3.5) brake horsepower; (2) a cylinder capacity of not more than one hundred thirty (130) cubic centimeters; (3) an automatic transmission; and (4) the capability of a maximum design speed of no more than thirty (30) miles per hour.

“Motorized scooter” means any tandem-wheeled device, other than an electric-assisted scooter, powered by a gas or electric motor that has a skateboard-type deck and handlebars, and either is designed to be stood upon by the operator, or has a seat mounted on the deck designed to be sat upon by the operator. Motorized scooters shall be considered skateboards for purposes of Section 10.01.136.

“Motorized skateboard” means a self-propelled device without handlebars which has a motor or engine, a deck on which a person may ride and at least one (1) wheel in contact with the ground, and includes, but is not limited to, devices commonly known as electric one (1) wheel boards, hoverboards, self-balancing skateboards, and similar devices. Motorized skateboards shall be considered skateboards for purposes of Section 10.01.136.

“Motorized wheelchair” means any self-propelled vehicle, designed specifically for use by a physically disabled person, that is incapable of a speed in excess of fifteen (15) miles per hour.

“Narrow width lane” means a lane that is too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to travel safely side by side within the lane.

“Nonhighway tire” means any pneumatic tire six inches (6") or more in width, designed for use on wheels with rim diameter of fourteen inches (14") or less.

“Nonhighway vehicle” means:

“Nonhighway vehicle” shall not include an implement of husbandry, as defined in K.S.A. 8-126, and amendments thereto.

“Nonreflective” means a product or material designed to absorb light rather than to reflect it.

“Nonresident” means every person who is not a resident of this State.

“Nonresident’s operating privilege” means the privilege conferred upon a nonresident by the laws of this State pertaining to the operation by such person of a motor vehicle, or the use of a vehicle owned by such person, in this State.

“Official time standard” means whenever certain hours are specified they shall mean standard time or daylight-saving time as may be in current use in this City.

“Official traffic-control devices” means all signs, signals, markings, and devices, not inconsistent with this chapter, placed or erected by authority of a public body or official having jurisdiction for the purpose of regulating, warning or guiding traffic.

“Official traffic-control signal” means any device, whether manually, electrically or mechanically operated, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

“Operational design domain” means a set of operating conditions under which a given automated driving system feature is specifically designed to function. “Operational design domain” includes, but is not limited to, environmental, geographical and time-of-day restrictions or the requisite presence or absence of certain traffic or roadway characteristics.

“Ordinance traffic infraction” means a violation of any section of this chapter that prescribes or requires the same behavior as that prescribed or required by a statutory provision that is classified as a traffic infraction in K.S.A. 8-2118, as amended.

“Other competent evidence” includes:

“Owner” means a person who holds the legal title of a vehicle, or in the event a vehicle is the subject of an agreement or the conditional sale thereof with the right of purchase upon performance of the conditions stated in the agreement and with an immediate right of possession vested in the conditional vendee or in the event a vehicle is subject to a lease of thirty (30) days or more with an immediate right of possession vested in the lessee, or in the event a party having a security interest in a vehicle is entitled to possession, then such conditional vendee or lessee or secured party shall be deemed the owner for the purpose of this chapter.

“Park” or “parking” means the standing of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, otherwise than temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in loading or unloading property or passengers.

“Passenger car” means every motor vehicle, except motorcycles and motor-driven cycles, designed for carrying ten (10) passengers or less and used for the transportation of persons.

“Passenger vehicle” means every motor vehicle, as herein defined, which is designed primarily to carry ten (10) or fewer passengers, and which is not used as a truck.

“Pedestrian” means any person afoot or any person in a wheelchair, either manually or mechanically propelled, or other low powered, mechanically propelled vehicle designed specifically for use by a physically disabled person, or any person using an electric personal assistive mobility device.

“Person” means every natural person, firm, association, partnership or corporation.

“Person with a disability” means any individual who:

“Pneumatic tire” means every tire in which compressed air is designed to support the load.

“Pole trailer” means any vehicle without motive power designed to be drawn by another vehicle and attached to the towing vehicle by means of a reach or pole, or by being boomed or otherwise secured to the towing vehicle, and ordinarily used for transporting long or irregular shaped loads such as poles, pipes or structural members capable, generally, of sustaining themselves as beams between the supporting connections.

“Police officer” means every law enforcement officer authorized to direct or regulate traffic or to make arrests for violations of traffic regulations.

“Private road or driveway means every way or place in private ownership and used for vehicular travel by the owner and those having express or implied permission from the owner, but not by other persons.

“Racing” means the use of one (1) or more vehicles in an attempt to out-gain, out-distance or prevent another vehicle from passing, to arrive at a given destination ahead of another vehicle or vehicles, or to test the physical stamina or endurance of drivers over long distance driving routes.

“Railroad” means a carrier of persons or property upon cars operated upon stationary rails.

“Railroad sign or signal” means any sign, signal or device erected by authority of a public body or official or by a railroad and intended to give notice of the presence of railroad tracks or the approach of a railroad train.

“Railroad train” means a steam engine, electric or other motor, with or without cars coupled thereto, operated upon rails.

“Recreational off-highway vehicle” means any motor vehicle greater than fifty inches (50") but not greater than seventy-five inches (75") in width, having a dry weight greater than one thousand five hundred (1,500) pounds but not greater than three thousand five hundred (3,500) pounds, traveling on four (4) or more nonhighway tires, having a nonstraddle seat and steering wheel for steering control.

“Recreational vehicle” means a vehicular-type unit built on or for use on a chassis and designed primarily as living quarters for recreational, camping, vacation or travel use and which has its own motive power or is mounted on or drawn by another vehicle, and which has a body width not exceeding eight feet (8') and a body length not exceeding forty feet (40'); but such term shall not include a unit which has no electrical system which operates above twelve (12) volts and has no provisions for plumbing, heating, and any other component or feature for which a standard is adopted by the State uniform standards code for mobile homes and recreational vehicles.

“Registration” means the registration certificate or certificates and registration plates issued under the laws of this State pertaining to the registration of vehicles.

“Residence district” means the territory contiguous to and including a highway not comprising a business district when the property on such highway for a distance of three hundred feet (300') or more is improved in the main with residences or residences and buildings in use for business.

“Revocation of driver’s license” means the termination by formal action of the Division of a person’s license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the highways, which termination shall not be subject to renewal or restoration except that an application for a new license may be presented and acted upon by the Division after the expiration of the applicable period of time prescribed by State law.

“Right-of-way” means the right of one (1) vehicle or pedestrian to proceed in a lawful manner in preference to another vehicle or pedestrian approaching under such circumstances of direction, speed and proximity as to give rise to danger of collision unless one grants precedence to the other.

“Road construction zone” means that portion of the highway which is identified by posted or moving signs as being a construction or maintenance work area. The zone starts at the first sign identifying the zone and continues until a posted or moving sign indicates the road construction zone has ended.

“Roadway” means that portion of a highway improved, designed or ordinarily used for vehicular travel, exclusive of the berm or shoulder. In the event a highway includes two (2) or more separate roadways, the term “roadway” as used herein shall refer to any such roadway separately but not to all such roadways collectively.

“Safety hitch” means a chain, cable, or other material of sufficient weight which will prevent the towed vehicle from breaking loose in the event the tow bar or drawbar fails or becomes disconnected.

“Safety zone” means the area or space officially set apart within a roadway for the exclusive use of pedestrians and which is protected or is so marked or indicated by adequate signs as to be plainly visible at all times while set apart as a safety zone.

“Samples” includes breath supplied directly for testing, which breath is not preserved.

“School bus” means every motor vehicle defined and designated as a school bus in K.S.A. 72-8301(g)(1) as amended.

“School crossing guard” means a person eighteen (18) years of age and older acting with or without compensation and who is authorized under K.S.A. 8-15104 and amendments thereto, to supervise, direct, monitor, or otherwise assist school children at a street or intersection in the vicinity of a school crosswalk or bus stop.

“Secretary” means the Secretary of the Kansas Department of Transportation.

“Semi-trailer” means every vehicle, with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that some part of its own weight and that of its own load rests upon or is carried by another vehicle.

“Sidewalk” means that portion of a street between the curb lines, or the lateral lines of a roadway, and the adjacent property lines intended for the use of pedestrians.

“Solid rubber tire” means every tire of rubber or other resilient material which does not depend upon compressed air for the support of the load.

“Special mobile equipment” means every vehicle not designed or used primarily for the transportation of persons or property and only incidentally operated or moved over a highway, including but not limited to: ditch digging apparatus, well boring apparatus and road construction and maintenance machinery such as asphalt spreaders, bituminous mixers, bucket loaders, tractors other than truck tractors, ditchers, leveling graders, finishing machines, motor graders, road rollers, scarifiers, earth moving carryalls and scrapers, power shovels and drag lines, and self-propelled cranes and earth moving equipment. The term does not include house trailers, dump trucks, truck mounted transit mixers, cranes or shovels, or other vehicles designed for the transportation of persons or property to which machinery has been attached.

“Specially constructed vehicle” means every vehicle of a type required to be registered in this State, not originally constructed under a distinctive name, make, model or type by a generally recognized manufacturer of vehicles and not materially altered from its original construction.

“Stand” or “standing” means the halting of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, otherwise than temporarily for the purpose of and while actually engaged in receiving or discharging passengers.

“State” means the State of Kansas.

“Stop,” when required, means complete cessation from movement.

“Stop” or “stopping,” when prohibited, means any halting, even momentarily, of a vehicle, whether occupied or not, except when necessary to avoid conflict with other traffic or in compliance with the directions of a police officer or traffic-control sign or signal.

“Street or highway” or “street” or “highway” means the entire width between the boundary lines of every way when any part thereof is open to the public for purposes of vehicular travel, including any street, avenue, boulevard, thoroughfare, traffic way, alley, public or private parking lot, roadway, private roadway, privately-owned property throughout the City and any other public way for vehicular travel by whatever name unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

“Sun screening devices” means a film material or device that is designed to be used in conjunction with motor vehicle safety glazing materials for reducing the effects of the sun.

“Suspension of a driver’s license” means the temporary withdrawal by formal action of the Division of a person’s license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the highways.

“Through highway” means every highway or portion thereof on which vehicular traffic is given preferential right-of-way, and at the entrances to which vehicular traffic from intersecting highways is required by law to yield the right-of-way to vehicles on such highway in obedience to either a stop sign, yield sign or other traffic-control device, when such signs or devices are erected as provided in this chapter.

“Tow bar” means a rigid piece of material which is structurally adequate to hold any weight vehicle towed and which is properly and securely mounted to the towed vehicle without excessive slack but with sufficient play to allow for universal action of the connection and which is equipped with a suitable locking device to prevent accidental separation of the towing vehicle and the towed vehicle.

“Toxic vapors” means the following substances or products containing such substances:

“Traffic” means pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles and other conveyances either singly or together while using any highway for purposes of travel.

“Traffic-control signal” means any device, whether manually, electrically or mechanically operated, by which traffic is alternately directed to stop and permitted to proceed.

“Traffic-control signal preemption device” means any device, instrument, or mechanism designed, intended, or used to interfere with the operation or cycle of a traffic-control signal.

“Traffic infraction” means a violation of any of the statutory provisions listed in K.S.A. 8-2118(c) as amended.

“Trailer” means every vehicle with or without motive power, other than a pole trailer, designed for carrying persons or property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle, and so constructed that no part of its weight rests upon the towing vehicle.

“Transportation network company” means a corporation, partnership, sole proprietorship or other entity operating in Kansas that uses a digital network to connect transportation network company riders to transportation network drivers who provide prearranged rides.

“Transportation network company driver” means an individual who:

“Truck” means a motor vehicle which is used for the transportation or delivery of freight and merchandise or more than ten (10) passengers.

“Truck-camper” means any structure designed, used or maintained primarily to be loaded on or affixed to a motor vehicle to provide a mobile dwelling, sleeping place, office or commercial space.

“Truck tractor” means every motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles and not so constructed as to carry a load other than a part of the weight of the vehicle or load so drawn.

“Urban district” means the territory contiguous to and including any street which is built up with structures devoted to business, industry or dwelling houses, situated at intervals of less than one hundred feet (100') for a distance of a quarter of a mile or more.

“Vehicle” means every device in, upon, or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except electric personal assistive mobility devices or devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or tracks.

“Waste collection vehicle” means a vehicle specifically designed and equipped and used exclusively for garbage, refuse, recycling or solid waste collection or disposal operations.

“Wide-base single tires” means all tires having a section width, as specified by the manufacturer, of fourteen inches (14") or more.

“Wireless communication device” means any wireless electronic communication device that provides for voice or data communication between two (2) or more parties, including, but not limited to, a mobile or cellular telephone, a text messaging device, a personal digital assistant that sends or receives messages, an audio-video player that sends or receives messages or a laptop computer. “Wireless communication device” does not include a device which is voice-operated and which allows the user to send or receive a text based communication without the use of either hand, except to activate or deactivate a feature or function.

“Work-site utility vehicle” means any motor vehicle which is not less than forty-eight inches (48") in width, has an overall length, including the bumper, of not more than one hundred thirty-five inches (135"), has an unladen weight, including fuel and fluids, of more than eight hundred (800) pounds and is equipped with four (4) or more low-pressure tires, a steering wheel and a bench or bucket-type seating allowing at least two (2) people to sit side-by-side, and which may be equipped with a bed or cargo box for hauling materials. “Work-site utility vehicle” does not include a micro utility truck or recreational off-highway vehicle.

“Wrecker” or “tow truck” means any motor vehicle equipped with booms, winches or similar equipment specifically designed for recovery or towing of vehicles.

“Write, send or read a written communication” means using a wireless communication device to manually type, send or read a written communication, including, but not limited to, a text message, instant message or electronic mail. (Ord. 23-18 § 12, 2023; Ord. 22-36 § 1, 2022; Ord. 22-24 § 1, 2022; Ord. 21-33 § 1, 2021; Ord. 19-61 § 21, 2019; Ord. 18-35 § 2, 2018; Ord. 15-64 § 1, 2015; Ord. 14-57 § 1, 2014; Ord. 11-48 § 1, 2011; Ord. 10-70 § 1, 2010; Ord. 09-60 § 1, 2009; Ord. 08-112 § 1, 2008; Ord. 07-136 § 1, 2007; Ord. 06-36 § 1, 2006; Ord. 05-59 § 1, 2005; Ord. 04-141 § 1, 2004; Ord. 03-111 § 1, 2003; Ord. 01-89 § 2, 2001.)